Steve Jobs - The New Citizen Kane?

"Can a great man... be a good man?" Thus poses a tagline for Steve Jobs, the new biopic drama on the life and times of Apple founder and billionaire Steve Jobs, written and directed by the powerhouse couple Aaron Sorkin and Danny Boyle. Despite only being days old on the US cinema circuit and not reaching UK shores until 13th November, the film is already drawing a significant amount of attention for its similarities to another film about the life of a troubled rich man attempting to find meaning in the world. Orson Welles's 1941 masterpiece Citizen Kane follows a similar trajectory of a toweringly successful individual who struggles with stunted emotion and the emptiness which comes with extreme wealth. With an excellent pedigree behind the camera and a powerful leading man in Michael Fassbender, could this new film come close to Welles's multifaceted genius creation?

It is true that both films discard regular narrative structures in favour of telling their stories in more unconventional ways. Kane is structured into different recollections from those closest to the recently deceased magnate, including his second wife, his butler, and a rare friend. Sorkin structures Steve Jobs in a similar way, centering the scenes around three pivotal Apple product launches throughout the 80s and 90s. With both directors, however, it is what happens behind the scenes of the lives of these great men that interests them. What lies at the heart of Kane and Jobs as characters is a sense of abandonment carried through from childhood. Both are insecure and crave love, but insist upon attaining it on their own terms, subsequently estranging their friends and loved ones.

Despite so many shared qualities, sadly, if we compare just based on the quality of the films, it is looking highly unlikely that Jobs could come close to matching the hypnotic deep focus and fascinating sound techniques which have had Kane ranked as the greatest film ever made for over fifty years. However, it is interesting to see that the issues Kane engages with are still relevant to people and films today. With the world, companies, and personal wealth only getting bigger for each new global success, it seems that we still have much to learn. The moral of both films is clear, however: if we do not, we will die alone, a bleak forecast which no amount of money can prevent.

Whitewashing in Pan

The lack of diversity of characters and opportunities for actors of colour is a problem Hollywood has been struggling with, or at least appearing to, for decades. Despite recent advances white, and predominately male actors still dominate in the world's biggest films, with interesting and important roles for those who do not fit into this category are few and far between. Beginning the pre-Oscars run of cinema releases, Walt Disney's beloved, if retrospectively worrying, adventure Peter Pan has become the latest literary classic to receive an overblown CGI makeover, this time at the hands of Anna Karenina director Joe Wright. The casting of Rooney Mara as Tiger Lily is the most troubling recent example of Hollywood's whitewashing. Mara is an extremely talented actress in her own right, but as a white 30-year-old woman, bears little resemblance to J. M. Barrie's pre-adolescent Native American princess. Many have already criticised the choice, the unashamed denial of a high-profile role to an actual Native American actress causing anger among audiences and critics alike. It has recently come to light that Native American actress Kawennáhere Devery Jacobs reportedly auditioned for the role, but was turned down as producers were specifically seeking a Caucasian actress.

The original Disney animation is riddled with Native American stereotypes, and is difficult to rewatch as an adult. However, Pan's director Joe Wright has attempted to placate critics by saying that his film is “very international and multi-racial, effectively challenging audiences’ preconceived notions of Neverland and reimagining the environment.” It is disappointing to see such a glaring missed opportunity for a respectful representation of Native Americans in the middle of a film which claims to be 'international.' Even Mara's make up and dress are overly colourful and exotic, reeking of far too many quasi-'Indian' costumes. The far-reaching consequences of this include young Native American girls effectively being told that, in order to be represented on the big screen, they must be tall, thin, and white. This also sets a standard in the industry for the continued whitewashing of characters of colour, and a continued reluctance to balance the enormous budgets of current blockbusters on the shoulders of less-known actors who may not guarantee a return.

Little can be done for Pan now, and this vicious cycle will continue unless the problem is fully addressed by studios and audiences alike. The growing demand for diversity on screen cannot be ignored, and Hollywood revenue may suffer if it does not reciprocate. Mara is a favourite to earn an Oscar nomination for her role in Carol. Since her breakthrough role in David Fincher's The Social Network, she has demonstrated a clear ability of making better choices, and will hopefully grow out of this episode, even if Peter Pan does not.

The Hidden Mexico of Cartel Land

You'd be forgiven for not knowing about the murder of a dozen lime pickers in Mexico's southern Michoacán state two years ago. But for those who fight against the drug cartels which terrorise hundreds of Mexican towns, it is just one of the many reasons why they initiate vigilante justice against gangs. The situation is on the rise in Mexico and America. Read my full review here, written for and published on entertainment website The Upcoming.

Nolan, Spielberg, and the Battle for Ready Player One

It is an adage for the modern age: nobody likes watching someone else play video games. And yet, for most of the duration of Ernest Cline's geektastic cult novel, Ready Player One, we do just that. It is a sign of our modern times powered by simulation and the internet that the book spent much of its early life as a New York Times best seller. The story is exciting, complex, and rich in detail as we follow the story of Wade Watts, a lonely teenager in the near future who lives most of his life inside the OASIS, a vast virtual-reality network into which most of the world is logged in. Wade, under the screen name 'Parzival', is just one of the millions of people across the world engaged in a quest to gain control of the OASIS and its infinite expanse and power, a quest left by the network's late creator James Halliday, a reclusive Steve Jobs/Howard Hughes billionaire who has woven a series of 'Easter eggs' into the OASIS for players to find. What ensues is a fantastic adventure-quest for the arcade and iPad generations, but only for them, as gaming makes up such an integral part of the novel that it would be difficult to understand without some knowledge of recent gaming and technological history.

The film rights for Ready Player One were obtained by Warner Bros. a year before the novel's publication. Having first read it when it was rumoured that Interstellar's Christopher Nolan would be directing the adaptation, it was easy for me to see how the director would simultaneously handle the vast scale of both the novel's real world and it's virtual one, while at the same time incorporating the great detail which makes up every scene. The director has never had any trouble mixing the epic and the intimate, and so could have easily handled such an expansive work. Having helmed the most recent trilogy of Batman films, Nolan also has at least some experience of appeasing nerdy fans, who will no doubt scan every shot of the film for misrepresentations of their favourite movies or games.

However, despite his more than adequate credentials, it is not to be, as it was recently announced that Steven Spielberg had signed on to direct. Following completion of The BFG, Spielberg will be returning to Warner Bros. for the first time since A.I.: Artificial Intelligence. As a filmmaker whose scale of production arguably exceeds Nolan's, it will be interesting to see how the director will interpret the novel, and the project may be a historical first as Spielberg prepares to adapt for the screen a book which mentions him by name, as one of OASIS creator Halliday's favourite filmmakers. While I was disappointed at the departure of Nolan, it is clear that the novel lends itself almost entirely to Spielberg, from his creative signatures to his intrinsic place in popular culture. The clues to the egg's location are based on Halliday's obsession with the eighties of his childhood, from Dungeons & Dragons to the Commodore 64 and John Hughes. Spielberg will essentially be making a film which worships his heyday of some of cinema's biggest home runs and the tastes which inspired them. Look out for the film's new title: Steven Spielberg was Amazing in the Eighties, by Steven Spielberg.

Mad Max: Feminist Road

"It looked like a straight-up guy flick" whines one misogynist website. "This is the vehicle by which they are guaranteed to force a lecture on feminism down your throat." Thus complain the detractors of Mad Max: Fury Road, George Miller's brilliant new post-apocalyptic action revival, which has drawn criticism from anti-feminists for, quite literally, setting the patriarchy on fire. In a world decimated by nuclear war, the collapsed remnants of civilisation are plagued by warlords who seek to control the few resources left (primarily water and women). The stark, howling desert has bred a disease of violent hyper-masculinity, the sort of fevered dream the above reviewers might fantasise about. The greatest wish of the crazed 'war boys' is to die in battle, the only purpose for women is as breeding stock.

The fact that the film itself is so enjoyable and fun, with excellent performances, special effects and writing, goes a long way to stoke the anger of those calling for its boycott; they are afraid the explosions and cars will brainwash the unwitting common man into swallowing the film's feminist message. Playwright and author of 'The Vagina Monologues' Eve Ensler was drafted in to consult on the film, and what results is a story where female characters are not defined by their relationship to the hero, where the young and vulnerable fight with equal strength alongside the elderly. It is egalitarian in every sense, and the male characters who accept this succeed, while the bloodthirsty patriarchs who refuse to accept it meet their inevitable end in flames.

The tensions of Mad Max lie not in whether humanity will survive the apocalyptic catastrophe, but whether we will survive each other. The themes of ownership of women's bodies, of society descending into chaos and environmental collapse are sadly those which extend out of fictional worlds into our own, making the film, and its promotion of equality, all the more important today. As I went to close my browser window, a pitiful pop up ad from the website promised me 'an online dating profile that gets you laid.' These men are unashamed about the fact that they want to live without women, but not without sex. One would do well to take a better message away from Mad Max: that we all must learn to live together, because survival depends upon it.

Lost River and the Difficulties with Actors-Turned-Directors

It would seem that the cruellest, most vitriolic film reviews are always reserved for the famous actors who have decided to become their own boss and take their turn in the director's chair. In 1997 it was Johnny Depp, whose sole directorial effort The Brave was labelled 'turgid and unbelievable' by Variety magazine, and currently holds a miserable 33% on Rotten Tomatoes. This year, it is the turn of heartthrob Ryan Gosling, who captured hearts in romance films such as The Notebook and Crazy Stupid Love, to be booed at the film festival for his avant-garde drama Lost River.

If it had come from a new, first-time director fresh out of film school, Lost River might have garnered more praise. Its experimental montage style is highly inventive and unusual, reminiscent of Harmony Korine or David Lynch. A fractured society is portrayed through a series of fractured images. But the sound design is the equivalent of a punch in the face, and the myriad images never quite manage to knit themselves together into a coherent narrative. Discussion among writers has focused as much on Gosling as an artist as Lost River itself. A viewing of the film is clouded by the famous name behind it, even though that name was probably used to secure funding and audiences in the first place.

So what is the superstar to do after deciding to direct a film themselves? A look back at the recent history of thespians in charge provides an interesting set of rules. Firstly, it is a good idea to shine a light on a less famous actor. Last year, Angelina Jolie's Unbroken provided an excellent role for up-and-comer Jack O'Connell, and received relatively favourable reviews. Another good idea is to adapt a book. Argo, while not earning Ben Affleck a directorial Oscar, was awarded Best Picture and critical acclaim for it's thoughtful, narrative based true story. The main mistake to avoid is narcissism. Famous actors and actresses are often called upon to play charming, charismatic Casanovas. But when they place themselves in this role, it becomes even less believable. The trend for having sex with Sofia Vergara and Scarlett Johansson in their films was shared by John Turturro, Jon Favreau, and Joseph Gordon-Levitt. This also goes for acting beyond one's age (see Kevin Spacey's 2004 debacle Beyond the Sea). Another tip would be to avoid writing the film yourself as well. Despite several exceptions to this rule, you only have to watch the opening of Tom Hank's Larry Crowne to see the entire production weakened from the outset by Hanks's writing. The safest route would be to copy Ralph Fiennes and Kenneth Branagh and have it written by Shakespeare.

A final rule could be to avoid indulging in any misguided experimental tendencies, bringing us back to the nonsensical Lost River. But in doing this Gosling has chosen not to just play it safe with rom-coms, but to take artistic risks. This surely comes from the actor's obvious desire to prove that he is more than just a pretty face, a fact for which he should be commended.

A Host of Disney Sequels

With the release of Kenneth Branagh's much-hyped Cinderella, an analysis of the sudden influx of live-action Disney remakes reveals the film industry's struggle between its desire for progressiveness and obsession with the safety of the past.

Last year, Robert Stromberg's Maleficent provided a strongly feminist, post-modern interpretation of one of Disney's most enduring classics. Barely passing a reverse Bechdel Test, the film reimagined Maleficent from a two-dimensional traditional villain to a complex character with a rich and affecting back story. With many praising Angelina Jolie's performance as outshining even the film's vast special effects, it became clear that Disney fairytales, despite their timeless quality and enduring appeal, could benefit from some tasteful updating.

However, it is becoming clear that not all will be able to pull it off. After the phenomenal box office success of 2010's Alice in Wonderland, it should come as no surprise that Tim Burton has once again been appointed to helm the bringing to life of another Disney classic. His interpretation of the Lewis Carroll novel turned innocent Alice into a sword-wielding action heroine among a world of eye-popping special effects, and was extremely popular among audiences. But a live-action version of Dumbo, with it's trippy dream sequences, racist caricatures and the unpopular, animal cruelty-ridden setting of the circus may not ingratiate itself so well to modern audiences. Already the thought of a CGI, anthropomorphic baby elephant soaring through the air under the volition of his own ears is causing toes to curl among film critics.

Much more hopeful, however, appears to be the fate of next year's Tarzan movie, tentatively titled Tarzan Untamed. Wisely avoiding too much vine-swinging loincloth action, Harry Potter director David Yates will reportedly have Swedish actor Alexander Skarsgård, in his first role as a Hollywood leading man, embroiled in a dangerous political conspiracy upon his return to the Congo several years after the events of the Disney classic. An extremely strong supporting cast which includes Samuel L Jackson, Christoph Waltz and John Hurt means that this Pirates of the Caribbean-style adventure will hopefully avoid the ludicrousness which other adaptations of Edgar Rice Burroughs' character have fallen victim to.

Many other Disney adaptations also lurk on the horizon in an era which, from Jurassic World to the nth Star Wars, is already saturated with sequels and remakes. Emma Watson has been confirmed to star as Belle of Beauty and the Beast, another premise which must undergo a careful reinterpretation if it is to hold up to the standards of today. Glenn Close is hoping to reproduce the success of Maleficent with the similar Cruella. Bill Murray and Scarlett Johansson will bring a subtle touch of the USA to a new version of The Jungle Book. With all this only one thing is certain: that Hollywood's drive to make money with safe, bankable products is crippling the production of anything remotely risky, innovative or original.